Physician Assistant Clinical Knowledge Rating and Assessment Tool (PACKRAT) 4 Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which fracture is associated with the greatest risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head?
• Which of the following is associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid during labor?
• Which sign is positive in the presence of ascites?
• Which study is obtained first to evaluate progressive dysphagia before definitive diagnosis?
• In Ludwig's angina, what is the most immediate management step?
• Which finding is most typical of coarctation of the aorta?
• The classic exam finding in diphtheria is which of the following?
• In myocarditis, which echocardiographic finding is commonly seen?
• A boy with a sparkler in the eye receives initial management. Which is most appropriate?
• In the acute evaluation of head injury, skull radiographs primarily detect which finding?
• Which pathophysiologic description best matches pulmonary sarcoidosis?
• A newborn two weeks old has a thrill and a continuous machinery murmur in the left second intercostal space. Most likely diagnosis?
• Acute glomerulonephritis is most classically associated with which preceding condition?
• An increased incidence of breast cancer is associated with which factor?
• Which form of lung cancer is associated with the poorest prognosis?
• After a confirmed diagnosis of esophageal cancer by endoscopy, which imaging study is used to evaluate for metastases?
• In a routine urinalysis of a 43-year-old man with 1-2 hyaline casts per high power field and otherwise normal results, what is the most appropriate next step?
• In a 7-year-old child with primary nocturnal enuresis, which pharmacologic agent is best?
• In peripheral artery disease with rest pain, bypass surgery provides symptom relief in approximately what percentage of patients?
• In pleural effusion, which type is typically seen with heart failure?
• Which chest radiograph pattern is typical of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis?
• Which animal is the major cause of human rabies in the United States?
• A 26-year-old who recently underwent trauma with liver and spleen injuries develops oozing from surgical sites and a bloody urine, with thrombocytopenia and prolonged PT and fibrin split products. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• For a traveler with diarrhea after visiting Mexico, in addition to promoting fluid intake, which treatment is recommended?
• Which physical finding is most commonly felt in pyloric stenosis?
• Which condition presents with paroxysmal hypertension due to catecholamine release and typically does not cause a persistent inter-arm blood pressure difference?
• A 22-year-old female with a solitary 1 cm rubbery, well-circumscribed, non-tender breast mass: Most likely diagnosis?
• Bitemporal hemianopia with central vision spared localizes a lesion to which structure?
• A 46-year-old woman with new-onset hypertension is found to have hypokalemia. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• What is the most effective preventive strategy to reduce recurrence of renal stones?
• Which radiographic sign on chest X-ray is associated with coarctation of the aorta?
• Which hemorrhoid treatment is commonly used for mild prolapse or intermittent bleeding?
• Which test is most appropriate to evaluate vasodepressor syncope related to standing or posture?
• Secondary syphilis rash distribution includes which of the following?
• An elderly patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy and an ejection fraction of 20% with inducible sustained VT: what therapy is most appropriate?
• A 62-year-old patient with arthritis is on daily naproxen therapy. Which medication is used to protect against GI complications?
• During a routine sports physical, a 12-year-old shows asymmetry of the posterior chest wall on forward bending. This finding is most consistent with which condition?
• As part of long-term management, the HgbA1C target for type 1 diabetes is ideally maintained at which range?
• ECG shows ST segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. This pattern is most consistent with a myocardial infarction in which area?
• Which organism accounts for more than 60% of infective endocarditis cases in intravenous drug abusers?
• A 19-year-old female presents with features suggesting Marfan syndrome, including long arms and fingers, pectus excavatum, joint dislocations, and ectopic lentis. Which echocardiogram finding would be most consistent with this condition?
• Perinatal oxygen therapy is a risk factor for which neonatal condition?
• During knee examination, forward translation of the tibia when the knee is in about 20 degrees of flexion indicates which test?
• Asbestos exposure is most associated with which occupation?
• Ulcerative colitis usually presents with which of the following?
• Primary hyperparathyroidism is often asymptomatic; which finding may be seen as a presenting feature?
• An adolescent presents with a ring-shaped skin lesion with central clearing. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of which finding on skin scrapings?
• Which diagnosis is most likely in a 16-day-old infant with very forceful vomiting after feeds, persistent hunger, and a small epigastric mass?
• Which physical finding is characteristic of acute pericarditis?
• Which neonatal problem is commonly associated with fetal alcohol exposure?
• Which antibiotic is first-line therapy for stage one Lyme disease in a patient younger than 12 years old?
• Which medication class is commonly used for migraine prevention but not for acute treatment?
• In the management of pulmonary embolism, thrombolysis is contraindicated in patients within 10 days of major surgery. Which option would be contraindicated in such a patient?
• A postmenopausal woman with vaginal bleeding has multiple potential evaluations. Which is the most reliable diagnostic evaluation for suspected endometrial pathology?
• In suspected child abuse, what is the most appropriate intervention by the clinician?
• What is the minimum induration diameter in millimeters indicating a positive tuberculosis skin test in an HIV-positive patient?
• Which finding is more characteristic of venous insufficiency than arterial embolism?
• Radioactive iodine is most successful in treating hyperthyroidism that results from which condition?
• Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Cushing's syndrome?
• Which effect of cigarette smoking contributes to atherogenesis?
• A patient with advanced AIDS complicated by toxoplasmosis presents with altered mental status, seizures, and focal neurologic deficits. Which diagnostic study is most helpful?
• Which statement about atelectasis after abdominal surgery is accurate?
• Which statement best describes the presentation of viral gastroenteritis in children?
• A patient with a total cholesterol of 230 mg/dL on non-fasting labs asks what to do next. What is the appropriate next step?
• A very anxious patient presents with dizziness, perioral and extremity paresthesias, and tachypnea. This presentation is most consistent with:
• Which test confirms the suspected diagnosis of secondary syphilis?
• Doxycycline is contraindicated in children under 12 years old due to potential effects on teeth and bones. Which statement best reflects this?
• A 52-year-old patient with fatigue, pallor, anorexia, nausea, weight loss, numbness in the extremities, and foot drop most strongly suggests which disorder?
• Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies are most characteristically associated with which disease?
• A 16-year-old male presents with acute scrotal pain and Doppler ultrasound shows decreased blood flow. What is the most appropriate intervention?
• In epididymitis, what is the initial step in management?
• A diastolic blowing murmur at the left sternal border in a patient with repaired coarctation most likely indicates which condition?
• Tzanck smear showing multinucleated giant cells is most consistent with infection by which virus?
• A patient presents with bright red rectal blood and reports passage of about 300 mL in the last 45 minutes. The most likely source is from which anatomical site?
• Which scabicide has been associated with neurotoxicity in infants and young children?
• Transient ischemic attacks are best described as neurological deficits that do what?
• A 37-year-old man reports daytime fatigue and snoring with nocturnal oxygen desaturation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which drug class is most commonly associated with a dry cough as a side effect?
• A 26-year-old male presents with fatigue, night sweats, and a painless neck mass; what is the next best step in evaluation?
• A premature infant with tachypnea, grunting, retractions, cyanosis, and chest x-ray showing hypoexpansion with air bronchograms most likely has which condition?
• Cognitive loss in Alzheimer's dementia may be delayed with which medication?
• Which medication is most appropriate to prevent heart failure symptoms in a patient with a prior myocardial infarction and an ejection fraction of 38%?
• Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to prescribing oral hormonal contraceptives?
• Which milestone is usually achieved by a 15-month-old infant?
• A 55-year-old man with sudden ripping chest pain and diminished pulses; what is the most likely diagnosis?
• Pruritus as a presenting feature of acute pancreatitis is associated with obstruction of which structure?
• A 55-year-old diabetic female has hypertension; persistent dry cough from an ACE inhibitor; best management step to control blood pressure?
• A 23-year-old graduate student experiences sudden dizziness after a recent viral URI. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• Which laboratory pattern is consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism?
• A 65 year-old patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon in remission presents for follow-up. Which of the following tumor markers should be monitored?
• A 23-year-old female presents with 24 hours of watery diarrhea and vomiting after a cruise. Which management is most appropriate at this time?
• Which is the most common composition of kidney stones?
• A patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus was treated for otitis externa with topical drops and now has persistent foul discharge and granulations. What is the proper treatment at this time?
• A 55-year-old non-smoker presents with hemoglobin 18.5 g/dL and hematocrit 56%. Which physical examination finding is most likely?
• In a patient with pulmonary hypertension and signs of right-sided heart involvement, a systolic murmur is heard at the right sternal border with a prominent jugular venous pulse. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Approximately what percentage of patients with a first episode of depression are at risk for relapse at some time in their lifetime?
• Which breathing pattern is characterized by periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea?
• A 14-year-old male who is overweight presents with left knee and anteromedial thigh pain for the past month. The knee X-ray is normal. The most likely diagnosis is?
• A 58-year-old male presents with anterior right shoulder pain after yard work; pain is reproduced by resisted supination of the elbow; most likely diagnosis?
• Gonococcal conjunctivitis is typically characterized by which finding?
• In the management of pheochromocytoma prior to tumor removal, which sequence of medications is recommended to control blood pressure and tachycardia?
• Which clinical manifestation is commonly seen in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis?
• Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is used to treat which condition?
• On chest radiography, asbestosis is described as which appearance?
• In a nursing home resident with asymptomatic bacteriuria and no history of diabetes or genitourinary tract abnormalities, what is the recommended management?
• In the evaluation of testicular cancer, tumor markers such as AFP and hCG are primarily used for which purpose?
• Which of the following is not a common presenting feature of breast cancer?
• Which imaging study is the gold standard for diagnosing a retropharyngeal abscess?
• A 53-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease and a moderate tremor with no other signs, what is the most appropriate initial treatment?
• Which reservoir has been identified as important in the transmission of pertussis?
• In the evaluation of a testicular mass, which test best helps distinguish malignant from benign scrotal conditions?
• Which skin rash is pathognomonic of rheumatic fever?
• Which disease presents with a 'slapped cheek' rash on the face in children?
• Which finding is not typical of arterial embolism?
• A 24-year-old woman presents with dysuria, fever, malaise, and genital lesions including multiple clear vesicles and tender inguinal adenopathy. The most appropriate initial treatment is?
• Which imaging modality is preferred in the evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism?
• What is the most common type of skin cancer?
• A 27-year-old G1P0 at 12 weeks gestation presents with painless vaginal bleeding and a closed cervical os. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A 64-year-old patient with heavy smoking history presents with worsening dyspnea and cough; which chest x-ray finding is most consistent with emphysema?
• Which condition is a classic cause of high-output heart failure?
• Long-term use of which drug may cause a drug-induced lupus-type eruption?
• A pregnant woman at 26 weeks gestation asks which diagnostic test is most appropriate to order at this time. Which test should be performed?
• A 4 year-old boy presents with purulent, foul-smelling nasal discharge for three days. The exam shows unilateral nasal discharge with a bright reflection of light. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which description best matches a torus (buckle) fracture?
• In systemic lupus erythematosus, to assess risk for thrombotic events and spontaneous abortion, which test should be ordered?
• Infectious mononucleosis is most commonly caused by which virus?
• A 79-year-old female with productive cough and pleural effusion has pleural fluid with decreased glucose and elevated LDH, and cytology shows malignant cells. What is the most likely cause of the effusion?
• Which statement about the transition phase of labor is true?
• Pyloric stenosis typically begins between which ages?
• Retained placental tissue accounts for approximately what percentage of postpartum hemorrhage?
• Which two findings are major diagnostic criteria for Marfan syndrome?
• A 67-year-old female with osteoarthritis has worsening knee pain and reduced renal function. Which medication is most appropriate for long-term pain management?
• Which antibiotic is the drug of first choice for a chlamydial infection when Gram stain is negative for intracellular diplococci and there are no allergies?
• A 13-year-old with sickle cell trait plans to play football. Which precaution should be discussed with the patient and parents?
• One day after gardening, a patient complains of eye irritation with a suspected corneal abrasion. Which finding supports this diagnosis?
• Which lesion is most characteristic of psoriasis?
• Which drug reduces aqueous humor production by 40-60% and is used in the emergency treatment of glaucoma?
• A 46 year-old male with chest pain and elevated Troponin I; cath shows normal coronary arteries and an EF of 40% with global hypokinesis. Most likely diagnosis?
• Chronic use of phenothiazines is most commonly associated with which movement disorder?
• Which radiographic finding is typical of osteoarthritis?
• Which finding is consistent with thyrotoxicosis?
• Whispered voice test reveals decreased hearing in the left ear; which finding would be most consistent with conductive hearing loss?
• What is the most frequent presenting symptom in a brain abscess?
• In intravenous drug users, which organism accounts for the majority of infective endocarditis cases?
• A child post-influenza with delirium, vomiting, hepatomegaly: Most likely diagnosis?
• A 75-year-old man with COPD presents with acute onset of worsening dyspnea and agitation. ABG shows PaO2 40 mmHg, PaCO2 65 mmHg, and pH 7.25. The most appropriate management is?
• Dexamethasone suppression test is primarily used to assess suppression of which hormonal axis?
• In a patient with HSIL on Pap smear, what is the most appropriate next diagnostic step?
• Which finding is most consistent with glaucoma rather than corneal injury?
• Postoperative oliguria with an increased BUN:creatinine ratio and a fractional excretion of sodium less than 1% is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• An X-ray reveals a break in the cortex of one side of the ulna shaft without a break of the opposite cortex. This describes which type of fracture?
• Which sites are most commonly affected by psoriasis?
• For an ASC-US Pap smear, what is the recommended initial next step?
• A patient presents with a rash six days after returning from a camping and hiking trip in the woods. The rash is macular and started on the ankles and then spread to the rest of the lower extremities, including the soles. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which medication is the treatment of choice for Trichomonas vaginitis?
• What is the most appropriate initial management for Bell's palsy presenting with unilateral facial weakness and incomplete eye closure?
• A 12-year-old with leg pain on activity, an ejection click, weak and delayed femoral pulses, elevated BP in both arms, and rib notching is most likely diagnosed with which condition?
• Which ECG finding is most consistent with hyperkalemia?
• Absolute contraindication to thrombolytic therapy in acute ST-segment elevation MI includes which finding?
• Which laboratory finding supports a prerenal etiology of azotemia over intrinsic renal injury?
• Which test measures platelet function?
• A 23-year-old sexually active female with painless bilateral eye exudates and gram-negative diplococci with corneal sparing: most appropriate management?
• For a patient with common warts on the hands seeking rapid treatment with minimal scarring, which intervention is most appropriate?
• In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which vaccines are recommended to reduce infection risk?
• In a patient with 75% left main coronary artery stenosis, what is the most important management step?
• Which is the definitive treatment for moderate-sized uterine fibroids in a young woman who desires fertility?
• Kussmaul breathing is characterized by which description?
• To delay the onset of osteoarthritis in an active runner, which change is most appropriate?
• Untreated delirium tremens has an estimated mortality rate of approximately what percent?
• A 26 year-old female has a long history of sexual promiscuity and substance abuse. She frequently expresses anger when she feels abandoned. She also has difficulty in controlling her anger at times. Her past relationships have been intense and short-lived. She has attempted suicide twice in the past 18 months. This patient exhibits which of the following disorders?
• Which drug is most effective for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
• In acute adrenal insufficiency, which laboratory findings are typical?
• A patient had an acute inferior, transmural myocardial infarction 4 days ago. A new murmur raises the suspicion of mitral regurgitation due to papillary muscle rupture. Which of the following murmur descriptions describes this condition?
• A male with hematuria that occurs at the end of the urinary stream most likely has a source from which location?
• The treatment of choice for syphilis is which of the following?
• A 54-year-old woman with diabetes presents with rest pain, rubor, and diminished pulses in the leg. The most appropriate therapy is?
• Which medication is best for initial acute treatment of a migraine in this patient?
• Which is the most effective way for patients with persistent asthma to monitor the severity of their symptoms?
• For a patient with dysphagia and significant weight loss, what is the most appropriate initial diagnostic intervention?
• A 3-month-old infant presents with round face, large protruding tongue, dry skin, umbilical hernia, and constipation. The most likely diagnosis is?
• Which is an indication for hospitalization in a child with acute bronchiolitis?
• An adult presents with a red eye, watery discharge, and a palpable preauricular node. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which scabicide is the drug of choice for scabies and is not associated with neurotoxicity?
• Which antihypertensive agent has both alpha- and beta-blocker activities?
• What is the mechanism of action of infliximab (Remicade)?
• Which study is most appropriate for serial assessment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
• Fibroadenoma most commonly occurs in which demographic?
• Which factor leads to retropatellar (patellofemoral) pain?
• Which antiemetic works by blocking serotonin 5-HT receptors?
• Which metastases are exceptions to the rule that distant metastases are an absolute contraindication to pulmonary resection?
• Acetowhitening is used to detect subclinical lesions of which condition?
• Which leukemia is most commonly associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?
• What is the earliest and most reliable clinical manifestation of pre-eclampsia?
• Which malignant thyroid cancer is commonly treated with thyroidectomy rather than radioactive iodine?
• Which finding is associated with Candida infection of the vagina?
• An ADHD patient who has not responded to behavioral adaptations should be treated with which category of medication?
• Pulmonary sarcoidosis is histologically characterized by which feature?
• Which is a predisposing factor for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony?
• A 3-year-old presents with a 24-hour history of diarrhea. The patient is afebrile and the stool is loose and watery with no blood. Fecal WBC is negative. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• A 36-year-old man with acute non-specific low back strain but no neurological deficits; which management is appropriate at this time?
• What is the most common presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis?
• Which laboratory pattern suggests exogenous insulin administration as the cause of hypoglycemia?
• A 17-year-old with recurrent palpitations and near-syncope has a normal initial ECG. Which test is most appropriate to pursue for evaluation?
• Which intervention has been shown to decrease mortality and improve survival in COPD?
• An adult patient who recently improved on a short-acting SSRI abruptly stops the medication. Which of the following is the most immediate concern?
• Bromocriptine is commonly used to treat which pituitary condition?
• Which tremor is classically associated with hyperthyroidism?
• In a patient after a minor head injury, which diagnostic test is most helpful to assess for intracranial injury and skull fractures?
• Six months of lower abdominal pain in a 13-year-old female around menses; most likely diagnosis?
• According to the JNC VII guidelines, which antihypertensive agent is preferred for a young patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• Which physical exam finding is most characteristic of Peyronie’s disease?
• Endometriosis typically presents with pain that begins when relative to the menstrual cycle?
• The most reliable site to identify causative organism in osteomyelitis is which?
• Before surgical removal of a pheochromocytoma, which drug class is used to control hypertension due to catecholamine excess?
• What is the most common radiographic appearance of a lung abscess?
• Which side effect should be warned when starting alpha-adrenergic blocker for BPH?
• Reye syndrome is typically seen after which preceding illness?
• The most likely diagnosis for a 65-year-old with brown plaques that have a greasy, stuck-on appearance is which?
• Pain along the posterior tibial muscle body in a young athlete, especially near the end of activity, is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which finding results from pulmonary hypertension?
• Which tumor marker is used to monitor recurrence of pancreatic carcinoma?
• Following a subtotal gastrectomy, a patient develops fever early after surgery. The most likely cause is:
• A 74-year-old patient with heart failure and atrial fibrillation requires long-term management. Which therapy is most important to reduce stroke risk?
• In polycythemia vera, which of the following retinal findings may be observed?
• Ventricular septal defect murmur characteristics include which finding?
• Rho-Gam is indicated for an unsensitized Rh-negative mother following which scenarios?
• A 73 year-old obese female with a chronic productive cough; which pulmonary function test value would be decreased?
• Which symptom helps distinguish epiglottitis from viral croup?
• A 37-year-old female with Turner's syndrome and repaired coarctation presents with a systolic ejection murmur and a diastolic blowing murmur. Which preventive measure does she require?
• Anti-phospholipid antibodies are present in approximately what percentage of SLE patients?
• A patient presents with mild anal discomfort and external hemorrhoids; the most appropriate initial management is?
• The most appropriate test to confirm herpes infection in a vesicular genital lesion is which?
• Cannon "a" waves observed in a patient are best explained by which condition?
• A 48-year-old alcoholic presents with agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, and autonomic hyperactivity; delirium tremens is suspected. What is the most appropriate initial management step?
• Where does 25-hydroxyvitamin D convert to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D under normal renal function?
• Cigarette smoking increases which property of blood that contributes to atherogenesis?
• A foreign body lodged in the trachea causing partial obstruction is most likely to produce which examination finding?
• Hyperventilation syndrome classically causes which symptom due to low carbon dioxide levels?
• Which NSAID is generally avoided in chronic kidney disease due to risk of further renal impairment?
• Which of the following is the most common underlying cause of early postpartum hemorrhage?
• Which class of antidepressants is considered first-line for major depressive disorder?
• Which Hepatitis subtype requires the presence of Hepatitis B virus for replication?
• A 20-year-old female with binge eating, laxative abuse, and periods of starvation—what is the best treatment option?
• Which statement accurately describes adult day health care?
• Which symptom is most indicative of croup rather than bronchiolitis?
• Osgood-Schlatter disease is characterized by localized pain and swelling at which anatomical site?
• Ceftriaxone is commonly used to treat which condition?
• To promote optimal health and limit morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis, which therapy is most appropriate?
• In a patient with known aortic regurgitation, which statement about beta blocker therapy is most accurate?
• What is the most common presenting clinical manifestation of breast cancer?
• A 25-year-old male with asthma on daily use of a short-acting beta agonist; most appropriate addition to regimen?
• A 20-year-old man presents with a hard testicular mass. What is the initial diagnostic evaluation?
• An infant born weighing 8 pounds would optimally weigh approximately how much at 1 year?
• What is the most significant factor in the production of menopausal symptoms?
• Which osteoporosis therapy is so poorly absorbed that it must be taken alone on an empty stomach?
• Which organism is the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum?
• A 72-year-old female with recurrent nephrolithiasis has hypercalcemia and decreased phosphate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which finding is most consistent with an arterial embolism causing acute limb ischemia?
• What is the most appropriate first-line medication for major depressive disorder?
• In suspected lymphoma, which test is most appropriate to stage the disease after diagnosis?
• Which diagnosis best explains an acute onset of palpitations with sweating and a normal ECG with a low pCO2 on ABG?
• In inflammatory diarrhea due to eosinophilic gastroenteritis, which cell type is elevated?
• Radioactive iodine is ineffective in which thyroid condition due to low uptake?
• In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, how is radioiodine uptake typically?
• A 3-month-old infant with erythematous, scaling crusts on the scalp is suspected to have cradle cap. What is the most appropriate initial intervention?
• Plain abdominal radiography has a limitation in detecting abdominal aortic aneurysms because what percentage may be noncalcified and not visualized?
• The first step in treating a patient with an intestinal obstruction and no comorbidities is which?
• In a patient with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to the general medical floor, which antibiotic would be most appropriate to add to empiric ceftriaxone?
• A 34-year-old female with fibromyalgia is treated. Which intervention is best supported by evidence?
• In a 26-year-old with sinus symptoms, which diagnostic study is the gold standard for sinus imaging?
• What is the most appropriate initial treatment for varicose veins presenting with dull discomfort?
• Chest x-ray showing eggshell calcification of hilar nodes is most consistent with silicosis from which occupation?
• What is the recommended age range for the second dose of the MMR vaccine?
• A 32-year-old presents with burning in the right wrist and hand; Phalen's test is positive but there is no thenar atrophy. What is the initial management?
• Which finding is a major Jones criterion for acute rheumatic fever?
• Best treatment option for iron deficiency anemia?
• A patient with hypoglycemia has high insulin, high C-peptide, and high proinsulin. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which is a risk factor for retinopathy of prematurity?
• Which finding is most consistent with cataracts?
• Which test is considered the gold standard for evaluating malabsorption disorders of the intestine?
• Absorption of vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor produced by which gastric cell type?
• Which constipation treatment should be used with extreme caution in patients with chronic renal insufficiency?
• In a patient with pulmonary embolism and normal ventricular function, what is the treatment of choice?
• Which finding is commonly associated with an acute myocardial infarction?
• Which drug is a uricosuric agent that increases uric acid secretion and may promote uric acid stones?
• In left-ear conductive hearing loss, which Rinne test result would be expected?
• Which laboratory test detects excessive catecholamine degradation products in the urine?
• What is the most common pathogen identified in community-acquired pneumonia?
• A 36 year-old male developed a sore throat and was treated with IM penicillin. Within 20 minutes, he felt faint and became dyspneic. Upon entry to the emergency department, he was pale and apprehensive. He had a thready pulse, and systolic blood pressure was 40 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial agent to use?
• Which finding would demonstrate rotational misalignment in a patient with a fourth metacarpal fracture?
• Long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy is associated with retinopathy affecting which organ system?
• Which sign is commonly seen in polycythemia vera due to increased red cell mass?
• In patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and reduced ejection fraction, which device is the treatment of choice to prevent sudden cardiac death?
• The initial manifestation of acute pancreatitis is most commonly which finding?
• A 5-year-old with pruritus around the perianal area tests positive with cellophane tape. What is the treatment of choice?
• A 37-year-old man with daily morning headaches and a new unilateral hand weakness over two months most likely has which diagnosis?
• A 2-year-old with barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor; what is the initial diagnostic impression?
• Which of the following is a major contraindication to curative surgical resection of a lung tumor?
• Which finding would most strongly suggest intussusception rather than viral gastroenteritis?
• A patient with altered mental status who cannot dorsiflex the wrists due to asterixis most likely has which condition?
• Which setting is most appropriate for a patient who requires assistance with activities of daily living and a higher level of safety?
• Pain in the right lower quadrant developing with deep palpation of the left lower quadrant is a positive which sign?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of compartment syndrome?
• Polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine should be given to a patient with which disease?
• Which medication used for irritable bowel syndrome acts by a direct effect on smooth muscle?
• The main complication of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure is which of the following?
• Which statement about hospice care is true?
• Actinic keratosis typically presents as which description?
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease involves which anatomical structure?
• Which condition is the most common cause of blindness in adults under 70 in the USA?
• Which finding most strongly supports a diagnosis of pericardial tamponade?
• Traumatic hyphema increases the risk of which complication?
• Which mechanism describes the action of ondansetron in preventing nausea?
• In a patient with moderate mitral stenosis, which complication is associated with an increased risk of systemic embolization?
• Which cranial nerve mediates eyelid closure?
• Which laboratory abnormality is most commonly noted in bulimia nervosa?
• Which tumor marker is used to monitor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma?
• Which test is used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection?
• A 60-year-old man with exertional chest pain relieved by rest and mild dyspnea on exertion. What is the most appropriate next diagnostic test?
• What is the recommended age range for the initial MMR vaccination according to immunization guidelines?
• Which clinical manifestation is most commonly seen in viral croup?
• A 52-year-old male with a history of acromegaly treated years ago presents with weight gain, puffy eyes, coarse dry skin, and a low free T4 with non-elevated TSH. Which drug would be indicated?
• Malignant hypertension is most characteristically associated with which physical finding?
• A 2-month-old infant has a single febrile seizure with fever 39.6 C and bulging tympanic membrane. The next most appropriate step is to:
• Which statement best describes the action of 6-mercaptopurine?
• Which hormone is responsible for producing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the kidney?
• Infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV, which treatment is most appropriate?
• Which imaging modality is preferred for screening individuals at risk for abdominal aortic aneurysm?
• Which of the following may precipitate acute angle-closure glaucoma?
• In a postmenopausal woman, which condition is the greatest risk of death?
• Which electrolyte abnormality increases the risk for digoxin toxicity?
• Which laboratory test should initially be ordered for a patient with chronic diarrhea and greasy stools that worsen with certain foods, suggesting malabsorption?
• Abduction stress test assesses injury to which ligament?
• Which is the most common ocular adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine therapy?
• Premenstrual syndrome is most commonly seen in which age range?
• Which psychiatric diagnosis best explains refusal to undergo a barium enema due to fear of radiation?
• A 40-year-old female with right upper quadrant pain radiating to the back and low-grade fever has urinary bilirubin and elevated alkaline phosphatase. The most likely diagnosis is which of the following?
• Which condition is described by reduced lumbar lordosis and sacral kyphosis?
• Prednisone is commonly used to treat which type of anemia?
• Which antiviral agent is considered appropriate for treating acute influenza?